![]() ![]() Development is typically grossly normal in a child in CAE, though comorbid attentional deficits or other subtle behavioral or cognitive impairments might be present at onset. Other seizure types (for example, generalized tonic–clonic, myoclonic, or atonic) may distinguish a diagnosis of CAE from other epilepsy types in which absence seizures might be prominent (such as myoclonic astatic epilepsy in a young child, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in an older child). Other important elements of history include other seizure types, developmental history, and age of onset. ![]() Compared to staring spells that are not seizures, absence seizures are more likely to be noted by a professional such as a teacher rather than a parent, and are not responsive to external stimuli such as touch. Elements of history that suggest absence seizures include sudden loss of facial expression repetitive movements (such as lip smacking or blinking) events occurring regardless of setting (not only while watching television or in the car for example, where staring is more likely behavioral) and events that occur in the midst of an activity such as chewing or playing. Absence seizures typically cause sudden cessation of activity that is easily recognizable. ![]() A history of staring is common in children, and staring spells are not always absence seizures or other seizure types. CAE can be diagnosed during an outpatient clinic visit with a careful history, physical exam including hyperventilation, and a routine EEG. ![]()
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